Matthew Farfan

EUROPEAN TRADITION
Europeans have always been fond of public clocks. One has only to visit the downtown of almost any major city, town, or village, to see the timepieces, often beautiful and elaborate, that grace all manner of public buildings. Some of these clocks (left) date back to the Middle Ages and are now famous tourist attractions.

Saint-Imier, Switzerland.

The Victorians and Edwardians were especially fascinated by timepieces, and their heyday saw a rebirth of the public clock on both sides of the Atlantic. Though never as common a sight as in Europe, the public clock in North America did become fashionable in the late 1800s. The Eastern Townships were not immune to this fad, and a number of towns installed clocks. Some, like Lac-Megantic (below), boasted several.

VILLAGE LANDMARK
The public clock, of course, served the purely functional purpose of telling passers-by the time -- especially useful for those who had forgotten their pocket watches. But it also served as a village landmark, a reference point, and a symbol of civic pride. Indeed, public clocks were something of a status symbol for a community, a sign that a town had reached a certain level of prosperity, that there was action there.

ELABORATE MECHANISMS
Public clocks were not cheap. The better models could cost a small fortune. And the specialized mechanisms required to power them were large, cumbersome, and often comlicated to assemble. They also required constant winding and regular maintenance. Not surprisingly, then, not every little village could afford one.

Lac-Megantic, c.1910. Note the three clocks, one over the post office, one over the church, and one over a shop. All three show a different time!

The clock in the Rock Island Post Office (below) employs a mechanism typical of those used in many public buildings at the turn-of-the-century. Imported from England, it was manufactured by the Midland Clockworks in Derbyshire.

Clock and mechanism. Rock Island Post Office.


CHURCH AND STATE
The most common public clocks in the Townships were those mounted in government buildings or, less
often, on church steeples.Beginning in the late 1800s and reaching a peak just after the turn-of-the-century, the federal government constructed a series of monumental buildings of stone and red brick in towns around the Eastern Townships.

Left: Just across the street from the post office, towers the steeple of the Stanstead South United Church (1875).


Right: Centenary United Church (1866), Stanstead. The steeple contains four clock faces. The one facing the street bears the name of a generous benefactor (local merchant Wilder Pierce) in place of the traditional Roman numerals.

IMPOSING BUT FUNCTIONAL
What better way for the government to make its presence felt in a sleepy country town than to build an imposing landmark with an illuminated clock mounted in a tower!

According to the Sherbrooke Historical Society (right), the Public Works department had very specific views on the matter: these buildings had to be "beautiful, imposing, and functional; and had to harmonize with their surroundings." The results were often quite distinctive, and may still be seen in a number of towns, including Sherbrooke, Coaticook, and others.

Right: Former federal building (1885), Sherbrooke. Now home to the Sherbrooke Historical Society.


LOOK UP
The public clock may be a
thing of the past in the Eastern Townships. There are, however,
a number of picturesque examples to watch for along the way. Keep your eyes open and look up, for it is only once we are aware of these beautiful timepieces that we can truly begin to appreciate them.

Left: Rock Island Post Office (1912).
The building also housed the Customs.



Right: Lennoxville Library. The art deco façade is typical of the 1930s.





Left: Clocktower, St-Benoît-du-lac Abbey.